Séminaire du Pr Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou : "Les vésicules extracellulaires, des biomarqueurs et vecteurs d'information dans la cirrhose"

"Les vésicules extracellulaires, des biomarqueurs et vecteurs d'information dans la cirrhose"

Prof. Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou (MD, PhD) is a clinical specialist in Hepatology with a PhD in vascular biology. He is Professor of Hepatology at the University of Paris and Hôpital Beaujon (Clichy, France) since 2016. He is the head of the splanchnic hemodynamic laboratory at Beaujon Hospital (Clichy, France) since 2012. He is also leading an INSERM team at the Paris Research Center on Inflammation (INSERM Unit 1149) since 2019. His research is dedicated to the study of the role of vessels in liver diseases. On the clinical side, he is interested in primary vascular liver diseases (Budd-Chiari syndrome, extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis and obstruction of intrahepatic portal veins), as well as in vascular involvement in cirrhosis development and complications. On the basic side, his objectives are to identify the role of extracellular vesicles and of autophagy in liver diseases.

Abstract :
Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound vesicles containing proteins, lipids, RNAs and microRNAs. They can originate from both healthy and stressed cells, and provide a snapshot of the cell of origin in physiological and pathological circumstances. Various processes that may give rise to the release of extracellular vesicles occur in liver diseases, including hepatocyte apoptosis, hepatic stellate cell activation, liver innate immune system activation, systemic inflammation, and organelle dysfunction (mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress). Numerous studies have therefore investigated the potential role of extracellular vesicles as biomarkers in liver diseases and particularly in cirrhosis. But extracellular vesicles are also vectors of information between cells and organs in the setting of cirrhosis. This lecture will cover both aspects.